Ibrahim (Ybyrai) Altynsarin (1841-1889) Born in Araqaraghai volost, Nikolaevsk (Qostanai) uezd, Torghai oblast. Qypshaq tribe, Middle Zhuz. Graduated from a school attached to the Orenburg Border Commission. Inspector of schools in Torghai oblast. Founded many schools for Kazakh children. In spite of being a dis- ciple of Nikolai Il’minskii who tried to propagate Orthodox Christianity among non-Russians, was opposed to teaching Christian beliefs to Kazakhs. Spoke against influence of the Tatar lan- guage and culture, and wrote textbooks and an Islamic catechism in Kazakh. Also studied eth- nography and oral literature.